What should be assessed first in a patient presenting with altered mental status?

When assessing a patient with altered mental status, the airway should be the first priority. This is due to the fact that any alteration in consciousness can lead to a compromised ability to maintain a clear and patent airway. If the airway is obstructed or not protected, the patient is at high risk for respiratory failure, aspiration, and inability to oxygenate effectively. Therefore, ensuring a clear airway is critical in making sure that the patient can breathe adequately and that other assessments and interventions can be performed without delay.

By focusing on the airway first, you address the most immediate threat to the patient's life, which aligns with the foundational principles of emergency medical care. Once the airway is secured, attention can shift to evaluating the patient’s breathing and circulation, as these are also vital components of patient assessment and management. Understanding which system to prioritize is essential for effective emergency response and treatment.